AIM:
This project is to implement the system for automatic toll collection
of vehicles and to control the entry and exit of the vehicles.
PURPOSE:
The purpose of the project is to provide an accurate and safe
environment for toll collection and to automatically control the vehicle
movements at the toll stations by providing individual identities to
each user with the help of smartcard technology.
Block Diagram:
Description:
Here in this project we will be giving the smart card to the drivers so
that whenever the vehicle comes the driver will access his cards and
only the authorized person can enter and pass out if the card is valid
and also if enough amount is present in the card. The card will be
placed in front of the reader and the card is checked for validation
then the concerned amount will be reduced from the card and then the
gate will be opened and the vehicle will be allowed.
This project access the vehicle with the help of smart card there
amount data will be reduced from the card where the account details will
be maintained. There is a power supply circuit for powering the
controller and also the other circuitry.
SOFTWARES:
1. Embedded C
2. Keil IDE
3. Uc-Flash
HARDWARES:
1. Micro controller
2. Power supply
3. smart card reader
4. LCD
5. Motor Driver
6. EEPROM
1.Microcontroller
The AT89S52 is a low-power,
high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system
programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows
the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system
programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to
many embedded control applications.
FEATURES:-
- 8 KB Reprogrammable flash.
- 32 Programmable I/O lines.
- 16 bit Timer/Counter—3.
- 8 Interrupt sources.
- Power range: 4V – 5.5V
- Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles
- Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
- Three level program memory lock
- Power off flag
- Full duplex UART serial channel
- Low power idle and power down modes
- Interrupt recovery from power down modes
- 256 KB internal RAM
- Dual data pointer
2.
Power Supply:-
Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltages are given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply
3. Smart card reader
RF id tag used here as smart card.Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method wherein the data stored on RFID tags or transponders is remotely retrieved. The RFID tag is a device that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, animal or person for identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several metres away, beyond the line of sight of the reader.
This system
allows the vehicle drivers to pass the toll tax booths without stopping at the
toll booths. The toll amount is deducted from the RFID card. This RFID card is
rechargeable and account is stored on the records.
4. LCD DISPLAY
A liquid crystal display is a
thin, flat display device made up of any
Number of color or monochrome
pixels arrayed in front of a light source or
reflector. This is
used to display the functioning mode of the microcontroller.
5.MAX-
232
To allow compatibility among data communication
equipment made by various manufactures, an interfacing standard called RS232
was set by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA).This RS-232 standard is
used in PCs and numerous types of equipment .However, since the standard was
set long before the advent of the TTL logic family, its input and output
voltage levels are not TTL compatible. In RS-232 ,a 1 is represented by -3 to -25V,while a 0 bit is +3 to +25V,making
-3 to +3 undefined. For this reason, to connect any RS-232 to a microcontroller
system we must use voltage converters such as MAX232 to convert the TTL logic
levels to the RS-232 voltage levels and vice versa.
6.EEPROM:
This is the additional memory which we are using for
the storage of the data for a particular person.
The IS24C02 is a low cost 2,048-bit serial EEPROM.
It is fabricated using ISSI’s advanced CMOS EEPROM technology and
operates from a single supply. The IS24C02 is internally organized as a 256 x 8
memory bank. The IS24C02 features a serial interface and software protocol
allowing operation on a simple 2-wire bus. Up to eight IS24C02s may be
connected to the 2-wire bus by programming the A0, A1, and A2 inputs.
This system
will have two benefits.
1.First benefit is that movement of traffic will be much faster as user will not wait to give the money because, driver has to just show the RFID card in-front of the card reader.
2.Second benefit is that driver doesn't have to carry the money each time. He will just recharge the RFID card by certain amount and will use this card each time he travels. This is little bit similar to using credit cards.
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